Page 62 - Whales and Dolphins

:‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬ References:
‫( ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻻﻓﲔ‬٢٠٠٣) ‫ﺭﻭﺑﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻨﺴــــــــﺨﺔ‬،‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ - "Baldwin, R., (2003) Whales and Dolphins of Arabia, 1st ed.
‫ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﺰﻭﻥ ﺵ ﻡ ﻡ‬:‫ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﻴﺘﺎﻥ‬ Sultanate of Oman: Mazoon Printing Press LLC."
‫ﲨﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
- "The Online Whale Watching handbook, International
‫ﺃﻃﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﲨﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ Whaling Commission:https://wwhandbook.iwc.int/en/"

Environment Society of Oman

- "The Society for Marine Mammalogy:

https://marinemammalscience.org/science-and-

publications/list-marine-mammal-species-subspecies/"

-"5OES&ESO, 2021. Marine Mammal Atlas of Oman. Rev1.0

https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13514948"

-"Pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata) off of Guam. (2021,

April 25). In Wikimedia Commons.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P ygmy_killer_wha

les_(Feresa_attenuata)_off_of_Guam_(anim252384854).jpg"

-"Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus. (2021, March 10). In

Ionian Dolphin Project.

https://www.ioniandolphinproject.org/portfolio-

item/sperm-whale/"

-"Dwarf sperm whale. (2022, March 10). In Orca.

https://www.orcaweb.org.uk/images/species/species-

dwarf-sperm-whale-01.jpg"

-"Short-finned pilot whale. (2021, April 25). In Salish Sea.

http://www.salishsea.org/media/short-finned-pilot-whale-

globicephala-macrorhynchus/"

-"Cuvier's beaked whale breaks record with a 3 hour 42

minute dive. (2021, September 24). In News Beezer.

https://newsbeezer.com/cuviers-beaked-whale-breaks-

record-with-a-3-hour-42-minute-dive/"

:‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬ Definitions:
‫ ﺍﳉﺰء ﺍﻟﺴــــﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴــــﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺸــــﺨﺺ ﻓﻤﻪ‬:‫ﺍﳌﻴﻨﺎ‬ Enamel: It is the hardest substance in the human body and
‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺰء ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﻼﺑﺔ ﺟﺴــﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺴــﺎﻥ ﻭﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻜﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺴـﺎﻡ‬ the most mineralized (contains a very high percentage of
‫ ﻳﺸـــــﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﻁ ﺍﻷﻧﺴــــــﺠﺔ‬.ً‫ﻧﺴـــــﺒﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ‬ minerals), and in addition to dentin, pulp and cementum, it
‫ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺝ ﺩﻭﺭ ًﺍ ﻣﻬﻤ ًﺎ ﺩﻋﻢ‬.‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ‬ forms the four main tissues that make up teeth in vertebrates.
Enamel is the surface part of the tooth that we always see
.‫ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻨﺎ‬ when we watch people speak or smile. The ivory plays an
important role in supporting and protecting the enamel.
‫ ُﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺗﺴــــﻤﻰ‬،‫ ﻫﻮ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﺴــــﺔ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﺟﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﺴــــﻦ‬:‫ﺍﳌﻼﻁ‬
،‫( ﻭﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﳉﺬﺭ‬Cementoblast) ‫ﺃﺭﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻼﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﳒﻠﻴـــﺰﻳﺔ‬ Cementum: It is a specialized calcified substance covering
the root of a tooth. Cementum is secreted by cells called
.‫ﻤﻜﺎً ﳖﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺬﺭ‬‫ﻭﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺳ‬ “cementoblasts” within the root of the tooth and is thickest at
the root apex.